Kaicode System Design

Scalable Infrastructure & Distributed System Architecture

System Architecture Overview

High-Level System Design

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Scalability & Performance Architecture

Horizontal Scaling Strategy

Auto Scaling Groups

  • • Frontend servers scale based on CPU/memory
  • • WebSocket servers scale based on connection count
  • • Code execution workers scale based on queue depth
  • • Target tracking scaling policies

Load Distribution

  • • Application Load Balancer with health checks
  • • Session affinity for WebSocket connections
  • • Geographic load balancing via Route 53
  • • Circuit breaker pattern for fault tolerance

Performance Optimizations

// Performance Metrics & Targets
const performanceTargets = {
  // Real-time Collaboration
  documentSync: {
    latency: "< 50ms",
    throughput: "10k ops/sec",
    consistency: "eventual"
  },
  
  // Code Execution
  codeExecution: {
    coldStart: "< 2s",
    warmStart: "< 500ms",
    concurrent: "1000 jobs",
    timeout: "30s"
  },
  
  // AI Completions
  aiCompletions: {
    responseTime: "< 1s",
    cacheHitRate: "> 80%",
    accuracy: "> 85%"
  },
  
  // System Availability
  availability: {
    uptime: "99.9%",
    rto: "< 4h",
    rpo: "< 1h"
  }
}

Real-time Collaboration Architecture

WebSocket Infrastructure

Connection Management

  • • Sticky sessions for WebSocket connections
  • • Connection pooling and reuse
  • • Automatic reconnection with exponential backoff
  • • Heartbeat mechanism for connection health

Message Broadcasting

  • • Redis pub/sub for cross-server messaging
  • • Message deduplication and ordering
  • • Selective broadcasting based on room membership
  • • Message compression for large payloads

CRDT Synchronization Flow

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Code Execution Infrastructure

Containerized Execution

Security Isolation

  • • Docker containers with restricted privileges
  • • Network isolation and firewall rules
  • • Resource limits (CPU, memory, disk)
  • • Execution time limits and monitoring

Container Orchestration

  • • ECS Fargate for serverless containers
  • • Pre-warmed container pools
  • • Language-specific base images
  • • Automatic cleanup and garbage collection

Execution Pipeline

// Execution Flow Architecture
const executionPipeline = {
  stages: [
    {
      name: "Request Validation",
      duration: "< 10ms",
      checks: ["syntax", "security", "limits"]
    },
    {
      name: "Queue Processing",
      duration: "< 100ms",
      components: ["SQS", "DLQ", "priority"]
    },
    {
      name: "Container Allocation",
      duration: "< 1s",
      resources: ["CPU", "memory", "network"]
    },
    {
      name: "Code Execution",
      duration: "< 30s",
      monitoring: ["stdout", "stderr", "metrics"]
    },
    {
      name: "Result Processing",
      duration: "< 100ms",
      outputs: ["result", "logs", "metrics"]
    }
  ],
  
  failureHandling: {
    retries: 3,
    backoff: "exponential",
    deadLetterQueue: true,
    alerting: "real-time"
  }
}

Data Architecture & Storage Strategy

Multi-tier Storage Strategy

Hot Data (Redis)

  • • Active sessions
  • • User presence
  • • Real-time cursors
  • • Cache frequently accessed data

Warm Data (PostgreSQL)

  • • User accounts
  • • Project metadata
  • • Execution history
  • • Analytics data

Cold Data (S3)

  • • Code snapshots
  • • Execution logs
  • • Backup data
  • • Analytics archives

Data Consistency & Replication

// Data Consistency Strategy
const dataStrategy = {
  // Real-time collaboration data
  crdt: {
    consistency: "eventual",
    conflictResolution: "automatic",
    storage: "memory + redis",
    replication: "multi-region"
  },
  
  // User and session data
  transactional: {
    consistency: "strong",
    isolation: "read-committed",
    storage: "postgresql",
    backup: "point-in-time"
  },
  
  // Analytics and logs
  analytical: {
    consistency: "eventual",
    partitioning: "time-based",
    storage: "s3 + redshift",
    retention: "7-years"
  },
  
  // Disaster recovery
  backup: {
    rto: "< 4h",
    rpo: "< 1h",
    strategy: "cross-region",
    testing: "monthly"
  }
}

Security & Compliance Architecture

Security Layers

Network Security

  • • VPC with private subnets
  • • WAF with DDoS protection
  • • TLS 1.3 encryption
  • • Network ACLs and security groups

Application Security

  • • JWT authentication with refresh tokens
  • • RBAC authorization model
  • • Input validation and sanitization
  • • Rate limiting and throttling

Container Security

  • • Minimal base images
  • • Non-root user execution
  • • Resource constraints
  • • Runtime security monitoring

Monitoring & Observability

// Observability Stack
const monitoring = {
  metrics: {
    system: "CloudWatch",
    custom: "Prometheus",
    dashboards: "Grafana",
    alerts: "PagerDuty"
  },
  
  logging: {
    aggregation: "CloudWatch Logs",
    analysis: "ElasticSearch",
    retention: "30-days",
    structured: "JSON"
  },
  
  tracing: {
    distributed: "X-Ray",
    sampling: "adaptive",
    correlation: "trace-id",
    latency: "p99 < 100ms"
  },
  
  security: {
    scanning: "GuardDuty",
    compliance: "Config",
    secrets: "Secrets Manager",
    audit: "CloudTrail"
  }
}

Deployment & CI/CD Architecture

Deployment Pipeline

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Blue-Green Deployment

  • • Zero-downtime deployments
  • • Instant rollback capability
  • • Health check validation
  • • Traffic shifting strategies

Infrastructure as Code

  • • Terraform for AWS resources
  • • Helm charts for Kubernetes
  • • GitOps workflow
  • • Environment parity
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